Robert William Taylor in 2008 Born ( 1932-02-10)February 10, 1932, Died April 13, 2017 ( 2017-04-13) (aged 85), United States Alma mater Known for Internet pioneer Computer networking & Communication systems Modern personal computing Children Derek Taylor Erik Taylor Kurt Taylor Awards (1984) Fellow (1994) (1999) (2004) Fellow (2013) Scientific career Fields Institutions Robert William Taylor (February 10, 1932 – April 13, 2017), known as Bob Taylor, was an American, who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer, and other related technologies. He was director of 's from 1965 through 1969, founder and later manager of 's Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983, and founder and manager of 's until 1996. His awards include the and the. Taylor was known for his high-level vision: 'The Internet is not about technology; it's about communication.

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The Internet connects people who have shared interests, ideas and needs, regardless of geography.' Contents. Early life Robert W. Taylor was born in, in 1932. His adoptive father, Rev. Raymond Taylor, was a minister who held degrees from, the and. The family (including Taylor's adoptive mother, Audrey) was highly itinerant during Taylor's childhood, moving from parish to parish.

Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school, he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16; while there, he was 'not a serious student' but 'had a good time.' He then served a stint in the during the (1952-1954) before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the. At UT he was a 'professional student,' he says, taking courses for pleasure. He finally put them together for an undergraduate degree in (1957), with minors in, English and religion.

While Taylor was trained as an experimental and, his earliest career was devoted to research and the auditory. He subsequently earned a master's degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a in the field; according to Taylor, 'I had a teaching assistantship in the department, and they were urging me to get a PhD, but to get a PhD in psychology in those days, maybe still today, you have to qualify and take courses in, none of which I was interested in. Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology. They’re not very scientific, they’re not very rigorous. I was interested in, in or the portion of psychology which deals with science, the nervous system, things that are more like and, really, than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology. So I didn’t want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said I’m not going to get a PhD.' After leaving Texas, Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy, a co-ed prep school in.

'I had a wonderful time but was very poor, with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way,' he recalled. Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries. He helped to design the as a senior systems engineer for (1960-1961) in. In 1962, he was invited to join 's Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display. Computer career Taylor worked for NASA in while the was backing scientific projects such as the for a manned moon landing.

In late 1962 Taylor met, who was heading the new of the (ARPA) of the. Licklider had done his graduate work in as had Taylor, and published an article in March 1960, 'Man-Computer Symbiosis,' envisioning new ways to use computers. This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer, and greatly influenced Taylor.

He met another visionary, at the in. Taylor directed funding to Engelbart's studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the. The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called '.' At the Fall 1968 in, Engelbart, and the rest of the Human team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park, while sitting on a San Francisco stage, using his mouse. ARPA In 1965 Taylor moved from NASA to ARPA, first as a deputy to to fund a few large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States.

Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was, in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer. Users could work interactively instead of using or in a style. Taylor's office in had a terminal connected to time-sharing at, a terminal connected to the at the, and a third terminal to the in. He noticed each system developed a community of users, but was isolated from the other communities. Taylor hoped to build a to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together, if nothing else, to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal.

Sutherland returned to a teaching position, and by June 1966 Taylor was officially director of (IPTO) where he directed the project until 1969. Taylor had convinced ARPA's Director to fund a network project earlier in February 1966, and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylor's budget. Taylor hired from to be its first program manager. Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC, until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding.

Licklider continued to provide guidance, and suggested the use of a dedicated computer, called the at each node of the network instead of centralized control. At the 1967 Symposium on Operating System Principles, a member of ' team (Roger Scantlebury) at the presented their research on and suggested it for use in the ARPANET. ARPA issued a (RFQ) to build the system, which was awarded to (BBN). ATT Bell Labs and were invited to join, but were not interested.

At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network; they thought it would slow down their research. A second paper, 'The Computer as a Communication Device' published in 1968 by Licklider and Taylor, lays out the future of what the Internet would eventually become. Their paper starts out: 'In a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face.' At some point Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the. Only about 35 years old, he was given the military rank equivalent to his civilian position:, and made several trips to the area.

He helped set up a computer center at the base in. In his words: 'After that the White House got a single report rather than several. That pleased them; whether the data was any more correct or not, I don't know, but at least it was more consistent.'

The Vietnam project took him away from directing research, and 'by 1969 I knew ARPAnet would work. So I wanted to leave.' For about a year Taylor joined Sutherland and at the, where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA. In 1970 Taylor moved to, for his next historic job. Xerox from BBN was hired by to co-manage the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) at the new of Corporation.

Taylor assumed he would run day-to-day operations, while Elkind assumed Taylor would be associate director. Technologies developed at PARC between 1970 and 1983 focused on reaching beyond ARPAnet to develop what has become the Internet, and the systems that support today's personal computers. They included:.

Powerful (the ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that were the basis of the Macintosh. Taylor's team built the computer itself, while a group led by added the software-based 'desktop' metaphor., which networks local computers within a building or campus; and the first, a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPAnet utilizing PUP (PARC Universal Protocol), forerunner to TCP/IP. The electronics and software that led to the and the graphical programs that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to take off and found.

'What-you-see-is-what-you-get' word-processing programs, such as that took to to serve as the basis for. Taylor was noted for leading a weekly discussion of computer scientists at PARC, who would take turns leading a discussion about myriad topics. They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged. Elkind was involved in a number of corporate and government projects. After one of Elkind's extended absences, Taylor became the official manager of the laboratory in early 1978. In 1983, integrated circuit specialist William J. Spencer became director of PARC.

Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL and what was the most important research to pursue at PARC (computer science versus physics for example) and CSL's frustration with Xerox's inability to recognize and use what they had developed. Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox.

DEC SRC Taylor was hired by of, and formed the in Palo Alto. Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC. Among the projects at SRC were the programming language; the snoopy cache, used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation; the first multi-threaded Unix system; the first User Interface editor; the search engine and a networked Window System. Retirement and death Taylor retired in 1996 and lived in, until his death. In 2000 he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet: control and access.

In his words: There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway. It's possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off. I want everyone to have the right to use it, but there's got to be some way to insure responsibility. Will it be freely available to everyone? If not, it will be a big disappointment.

On April 13, 2017, he died at his home in Woodside, California. His son said he had suffered from and other health problems.

Awards In 1984, Taylor, and received the 'For conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing.' In 1994, all three were named in recognition of the same work. In 1999, Taylor received a. The citation read 'For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology, including computer networks, the personal computer and the graphical user interface.'

In 2004, the awarded him along with Lampson, Thacker and their highest award, the. The citation reads: 'for the vision, conception, and development of the first practical networked personal computers.

' In 2013, the named him a Museum Fellow, 'for his leadership in the development of computer networking, online information and communications systems, and modern personal computing.' See also. References. John Naughton (October 5, 2000). A Brief History of the Future: Origins of the Internet.

^ Marion Softky (October 11, 2000). The California Almanac. Retrieved March 30, 2011. Gary Susswein (September 14, 2009).

University of Texas Alumni profile. Archived from on July 20, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2011. (March 1960). IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics.

HFE-1: 4–11. Markoff, John, Innovator who helped create PC, Internet and mouse, New York Times, April 15, 2017, pA14.

^ (December 20, 1999). New York Times. Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. Simon & Schuster.

Kindle Edition '1965 to 1969'. Markoff, John, Innovator who helped create PC, Internet and the mouse, New York Times, April 15, 2017, p.A1.

^., University of Minnesota. Retrieved April 1, 2011. Isaacson, Walter (2014). Simon & Schuster.

Robert Taylor (November 22, 2001), New York Times, Authors who have interviewed dozens of Arpanet pioneers know very well that the Kleinrock-Roberts claims are not believed. ^; Robert Taylor (April 1968). Science and Technology.

(January 1986). ACM Conference on the History of Personal Workstations. Markoff, John, Innovator who helped create PC, Internet and mouse, New York Times, April 15, 2017, p.A14.

Markoff, John, Innovator who helped create the PC, Internet and the mouse, New York Times, April 15, 2017, p.A14. Los Angeles Times. 14 April 2017.

Retrieved April 18, 2017. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Free police scanner apps for blackberry.

Retrieved April 18, 2017. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown. US Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved March 30, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

Taylor Builders Edition For Sale

Retrieved March 30, 2015. Further reading. M. Mitchell Waldrop (2001). The Dream Machine: J.

Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal. New York: Viking Penguin. Hiltzik (April 4, 2000).

Palo Alto, California: Digital Equipment Corporation Systems Research Center. August 7, 1990.

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Reprints of early papers with preface by Taylor External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Extract from 'Tools for Thought' by. Paul McJones (October 11, 2008). Computer History Museum. Retrieved March 30, 2011.